Andy is absolutely right in his analysis of the situation. The company being defrauded is the company being called, because they are paying the affiliate for legitimate leads which the affiliate is supposed to be bringing to them through the specific telephone number. I was intrigued by Andy's analysis and went over to another site to look at the TOS between company and affiliate. The hit is clearly AGAINST that TOS, which stipulates that leads must be authentic and that the affiliate is not allowed to hoodwink callers into calling... which is exactly what the current requester is doing.
I did one like two weeks ago for $3.50. Was kind of hesitant they would pay up over such a short phone call. All I did was block my number, asked like 5 generic questions about some online college, and then hung up. I was genuinely surprised that they paid me in a timely manner too. But it worked out well that day and while I probably won't do it again, it made me a quick couple of bucks!